MEASURING GREEN PORT MANAGEMENT AS DETERMINANT OF PORT ATTRACTIVENESS AND COMPETITIVENESS

Abdelhamid ADARRAB, Mohamed MAMAD

Abstract


This paper introduces ‘Green Port Management (GPMan)’ as a pivotal element among the ‘nine Port Attractiveness Determinants (PADs)’, leveraging an extensive review of 87 publications from 1970 to 2022. Through a rigorous methodology, the study refines the concept of ‘GPMan’, with 15 seminal works that were scrutinized in-depth. This analysis culminated in the identification of seven critical attributes that encapsulate ‘GPMan’, addressing a notable gap in existing literature which often discusses ‘GPMan’ without presenting clear, measurable indicators for port attractiveness. To bridge this knowledge gap, the findings propose a structured framework for evaluating the green attractiveness of ports. This framework is crucial for academics and managers alike, enabling the assessment of a port's capacity to attract eco-friendly actors economically and to quantify its ecological impact on stakeholders. Significantly, the research underscores three predominant attributes: the dynamic implementation of green port projects aimed at mitigating environmental impact, the establishment of a robust regulatory framework through the adoption of environmental regulations at national, regional, and global levels, and the implementation of a system to reward or penalize port operators based on their adherence to predefined environmental criteria. Additionally, the paper showcases various projects across Africa, illustrating the diverse green and sustainable strategies that port managers have adopted to enhance Green Port Management effectively. By filling the existing research void and offering insights for a future research agenda, this study not only advances the discourse on ‘GPMan’ but also provides a comprehensive approach to enhancing port attractiveness through sustainable practices. 

Keywords


Green Port Management, Port Attractiveness Determinants, African case, Sustainable Strategies, Systematic Literature Review, Port Competitiveness, Measurement.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Acciaro, M., Ghiara, H., and Cusano, M.I. (2014). "Energy Management in Seaports: A New Role for Port Authorities." Energy Policy 71: 4-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2014.04.013.

Acciaro, M., Vanelslander, T., Sys, C., Ferrari, C., Roumboutsos, A., Giuliano, G., Lam, J.S.L., and Kapros, S. (2014). "Environmental Sustainability in Seaports: A Framework for Successful Innovation." Maritime Policy and Management 41, no. 5: 480-500. https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2014.932926.

Adarrab, A., M. Mamad, A. Houssaini, and M. Behlouli. (2023). "Systematic Review of Port Choice Criteria for Evaluating Port Attractiveness Determinants (PART I): Bibliometric and Content Analyses." Pomorstvo 37, no. 1: 86-105. https://doi.org/10.31217/p.37.1.8.

Agence Nationale des Ports (ANP). (n.d.). Grands chantiers: Environnement - Protection de l’environnement marin et portuaire and Transition énergétique. Retrieved December 2, 2023, from https://www.anp.org.ma/fr/grands-chantiers/securiteportuaire

Alix, Y., & Guy, E. (2007). Pour une reconsidération des critères d’attractivité territoriale: Le cas des projets d’implantation de terminaux portuaires méthaniers au Québec. Revue Organisations & Territoires, 16(2-3), 115-122. https://doi.org/10.1522/revueot.v16n2-3.525.

Avom, D. & Gandjon Fankem, G. (2012). Le développement durable constitue-t-il un élément d'attractivité territoriale ? Application aux pays de l'Afrique Centrale. Marché et organisations, 16, 77-102. https://doi.org/10.3917/maorg.016.0077

Branch, A.E. (1986). Elements of Port Operation and Management. London: Chapman and Hall Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4087-1.

Brans, J. P., Vincke, P., and Mareschal, B. (1986). "How to Select and How to Rank Projects: The PROMETHEE Method." European Journal of Operational Research, 24(2), 228-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-2217(86)90044-5.

Bergqvist, R., and N. Egels-Zandén. (2012). "Green Port Dues — The Case of Hinterland Transport." Research in Transportation Business and Management 5: 85-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2012.10.002.

Chen, C.-T. (2000). Extensions of the TOPSIS for group decision-making under fuzzy environment. Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 114(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-0114(97)00377-1

Christodoulou, A. (2019). "Maritime Environmental Performance Indices: Useful Tools for Evaluating Transport Supplier Environmental Performance?." WIT Transactions on The Built Environment, 187, 187-198. https://doi.org/10.2495/UT190161.

Chukwuemeka, N. S., Ugonna, A. P., Ugochukwu, O. B., Immaculata, E. N., Chiziterem, E. K., and Chukwubuikem, O. P. (2023). The Challenges and Opportunities of Energy Transition across Africa. International Journal of Environment and Climate Change, 13(10), 4312-4339. https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i103109.

De Icaza, R.R., G.S. Parnell, and E.A. Pohl. (2019). "Gulf Coast Port Selection Using Multiple-Objective Decision Analysis." Decision Analysis 16, no. 2: 87-104. https://doi.org/10.1287/deca.2018.0381.

De Martino, M., and A. Morvillo. (2008). "Activities, Resources and Inter-Organizational Relationships: Key Factors in Port Competitiveness." Maritime Policy and Management 35, no. 6: 571-589. https://doi.org/10.1080/03088830802469477.

Ding, J.-F., J.-F. Kuo, W.-H. Shyu, and C.-C. Chou. (2019). "Evaluating Determinants of Attractiveness and Their Cause-Effect Relationships for Container Ports in Taiwan: Users’ Perspectives." Maritime Policy and Management 46, no. 4: 466-490. https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2018.1562245.

Djibouti Ports and Free Zones Authority. (n.d.). About us. Retrieved December 12, 2023, from https://dpfza.gov.dj/about-us

Environmental Ship Index. (n.d.). Retrieved December 3, 2023, from https://environmentalshipindex.org/.

Environmental Port Index. (n.d.). Retrieved December 3, 2023, from https://www.epiport.org/about-the-epi

Ergin, A., and I. Eker. (2019). "Application of Fuzzy TOPSIS Model for Container Port Selection Considering Environmental Factors." International Journal of Maritime Engineering 161, no. A3. https://doi.org/10.3940/rina.ijme.2019.a3.546.

Fondation Port Autonome de Dakar. (n.d.). Notre démarche RSE. Port Autonome de Dakar. Retrieved December 1, 2023, from https://www.portdakar.sn/engagement/fondation

General Authority of Alexandria Port. (n.d.). Environmental laws and regulations. Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA). Retrieved December 2, 2023, from https://apa.gov.eg/en/page/environmental-laws/

Hwang, C. L., and Yoon, K. (1981). Methods for multiple attribute decision making. In Multiple attribute decision making (Vol. 186, Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-48318-9_3

Kidere, M. M. (2017). Analytical assessment of port energy efficiency and management: A case study of the Kenya Ports Authority [Master's thesis, World Maritime University]. Retrieved from https://commons.wmu.se/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1584&context=all_dissertations

Lam, J.S.L., and T. Notteboom. (2014). "The Greening of Ports: A Comparison of Port Management Tools Used by Leading Ports in Asia and Europe." Transport Reviews 34, no. 2: 169-189. https://doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2014.891162.

Lau, Y. Y., Tam, K. C., & Ng, A. K. (2023). Ferry services and the community development of peripheral island areas in Hong Kong: Evidence from Cheung Chau. Island Studies Journal, 1-25.

Lee, C. K. M., & Lam, J. S. L. (2012). Managing reverse logistics to enhance sustainability of industrial marketing. Industrial Marketing Management, 41(4), 589-598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2012.04.006

Marek, R. (2018). "The Evaluation of the Attractiveness of Marine Container Terminal Sector: Analysing the Polish Sector." SHS Web of Conferences 58: 01018. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185801018.

McCarthy, Jerome E. Basic Marketing: A Managerial Approach. Richard D. Irwin, 1960. Homewood, Illinois.

Mittal, N., and D. McClung. (2016). "Shippers’ Changing Priorities in Port Selection Decision – A Survey Analysis Using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)." Journal of the Transportation Research Forum 55, no. 3: 65-81. https://doi.org/10.5399/osu/jtrf.55.3.4400.

Munim, Z.H., K.R. Hasan, H.-J. Schramm, and H.M. Tusher. (2022). "A Port Attractiveness Assessment Framework: Chittagong Port’s Attractiveness from the Users’ Perspective." Case Studies on Transport Policy 10, no. 1: 463-471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2022.01.007.

Müller, M., Schulze, M., and Schöneich, S. (2023). The energy transition and green mineral value chains: Challenges and opportunities for Africa and Latin America. South African Journal of International Affairs, 30(2), 169-175. https://doi.org/10.1080/10220461.2023.2230957

Namibian Ports Authority. (2023). "Integrated Annual Report 2023." Retrieved from https://www.namport.com.na/files/documents/afb_Integrated%20Annual%20Report%202023.pdf.

Notteboom, T.E., and J.-P. Rodrigue. "Port Regionalization: Towards a New Phase in Port Development." Maritime Policy and Management 32, no. 3 (2005): 297-313. https://doi.org/10.1080/03088830500139885.

Office of the President, Republic of Somaliland. (2021, April 12). Establishment law of the Somaliland Ports Authority, Law, No. 94/2021. Retrieved December 1, 2023, from https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/som204083.pdf

Parola, F., M. Risitano, M. Ferretti, and E. Panetti. (2016). "The Drivers of Port Competitiveness: A Critical Review." Transport Reviews 37, no. 1: 116-138. https://doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2016.1231232.

Port Autonome de Cotonou. (2023, August 28). Etat environemental du port de Cotonou. Département de la Sécurité, Sureté de l'Environnement et de la Qualité (DSSEQ) du Port Autonome de Cotonou, en coopération avec le Ports d'Anvers Bruges International. Retrieved December 3, 2023, from https://portdecotonou.bj/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/RAPPORT-ENVIRONNEMENT-PAC-2023_v6-VSCOM.pdf

Ravn, V. (2021). The Port Environmental Performance Index (Master's thesis, University of South-Eastern Norway). Retrieved from https://openarchive.usn.no/usn-xmlui/handle/11250/2764099.

Roy, B. (1968). "Classement et choix en présence de points de vue multiples." Revue française d'informatique et de recherche opérationnelle. Série verte, Tome 2 (1968) no. V1, pp. 57-75. URL: https://www.numdam.org/item/RO_1968__2_1_57_0/.

Saaty, T. (1996). Decision Making with Dependence and Feedback: The Analytic Network Process: The Organization and Prioritization of Complexity. RWS Publications. https://web.archive.org/web/20180410182305id_/https://www.cs.put.poznan.pl/ewgmcda/pdf/SaatyBook.pdf

Si, S.-L., You, X.-Y., Liu, H.-C., and Zhang, P. (2018). DEMATEL technique: A systematic review of the state-of-the-art literature on methodologies and applications. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2018, Article 3696457. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3696457

Sie, H. Y. (n.d.). Le mot du directeur général. Port Autonome d'Abidjan. Retrieved December 2, 2023, from https://www.portabidjan.ci/fr/autorite-portuaire/le-mot-du-directeur-general

Tanger Med Port Authority. (n.d.). Un port eco-friendly. Retrieved December 2, 2023, from https://www.tangermedport.com/fr/autorite-portuaire/un-port-eco-friendly/

Wang, Y., Yeo, G.-T., and Ng, A.K.Y. (2014). "Choosing Optimal Bunkering Ports for Liner Shipping Companies: A Hybrid Fuzzy-Delphi–TOPSIS Approach." Transport Policy 35: 358-365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2014.04.009.

Wildtrust. (n.d.). "Blue Port Project." Retrieved from https://page.impacttrack.org/blue-port-project.

Wind, Y., and Saaty, T. (1980). "Marketing Applications of the Analytic Hierarchy Process." Management Science, 26(7), 641-658. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.26.7.641.




DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21622/MARLOG.2024.13.1

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2025 Abdelhamid ADARRAB, Mohamed MAMAD

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

The International Maritime Transport and Logistics Journal (MARLOG)

E-ISSN: 2974-3141
P-ISSN: 2974-3133

Published by:

Academy Publishing Center (APC)

Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport (AASTMT)

Alexandria, Egypt