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Re-evaluating NSAIDS in Alzheimer’s disease: efficacy and drug delivery advances over the last decade
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex brain disease that features deterioration of memory and cognitive functions. The major hallmarks of this neurodegenerative disorder are amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), which contain hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Neuroinflammation mediated by various pro-inflammatory modulators, such as amyloid and tau oligomers, also bears a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of AD. From the earliest days, researchers have been intensely focused on developing effective therapeutic agents for AD treatment. However, only a few drugs have been approved for AD treatment till now, which include some cholinesterase inhibitors such as donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine; NMDA receptor antagonists such as memantine. In recent years, researchers have focused on repurposing NSAIDs in the amelioration of neuroinflammation in AD patients. Although previous studies have established the efficacy of NSAIDs in diminishing the possible risks of AD, no conclusive evidence of the reversal or cure of the disease state by NSAIDs has been found. Recent pre-clinical studies have shown promising results for drugs like flurbiprofen, celecoxib, and indomethacin, but clinical trials have yielded a lackluster result. Considering the poor delivery of NSAIDs in the brain, brain-targeted drug delivery demonstrated that it might yield notable outcomes in AD treatment.
Received 23 March 2026
Accepted 18 May 2026
Published 08 September 2026
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DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21622/AMPDR.2026.06.2.2029
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Advances in Medical, Pharmaceutical and Dental Research
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