Harnessing pungency for therapeutics: mechanistic insights and translational potential of capsicum bioactives

Emmanuel Okoro Enyi, Obiageri Florence Ajah

Abstract


This review examines the mechanistic and therapeutic applications of Capsicum bioactives by bridging the traditional and ethnomedical knowledge with insightful validation from pharmacological data. A comprehensive literature search of different digital databases/links, like: Google, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SpringerLink, and ScienceDirect was carried out, and 35 studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected for in-depth analysis. Capsicum species, particularly the C. annuum, has diverse phytochemicals and capsaicinoids representing a rich blend of pharmacopeia. These compounds engineer complex biological responses, including potent modulation of pain signaling (e.g., via TRPV1), oxidative stress, inflammation, and neoplastic processes. This review uncovers the compelling evidence from preclinical models and clinical trials, illuminating the untapped potentials of Capsicum spp. bioactive compounds and propels future directions for harnessing these natural products to combat global health burdens. Capsicum compounds show promise in combating health challenges by highlighting key molecular mechanisms, identifying knowledge gaps, and recommending standardized protocols for advancing novel therapeutic leads.

 

Received 08 March 2026

Accepted 19 July 2026

Published 09 September 2026


Keywords


Capsicum spp.; bioactive compounds; capsaicinoids; pharmacological activity; therapeutic potential; drug development

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References


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DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21622/AMPDR.2026.06.2.1984

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Copyright (c) 2026 Emmanuel Okoro Enyi, Obiageri Florence Ajah

Advances in Medical, Pharmaceutical and Dental Research

E-ISSN: 2812-4898

P-ISSN: 2812-488X

 

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