The dance of life and death: a review of programmed and non-programmed cell death

Aya A. Shehata

Abstract


Background: Multicellular organisms are composed of individual cells acting in tightly regulated cooperation. The health and homeostasis of multicellular organisms depend on the tight balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Cell death was divided into three main types according to morphological changes that occur: Type I cell death (apoptosis), type II cell death (autophagy) and type III cell death (necrosis). Recently cell death types can be categorized into programmed fand non-programmed cell death based on their signal dependency.

Objective of the study: This review will focus primarily on programed regulated cell death. it will also discuss on non programed cell death and different signaling pathways. 

Keywords: Cell death, apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy

 

Received on, 19 November 2025

Accepted on, 16 January 2026

Published on, 16 April 2026


Keywords


apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, regulated cell death, necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, parthanatos, apoptotic bodies, efferocytosis, extracellular vesicles, ghost messages

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DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21622/AMPDR.2026.06.1.1809

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Copyright (c) 2026 Aya A. Shehata

Advances in Medical, Pharmaceutical and Dental Research

E-ISSN: 2812-4898

P-ISSN: 2812-488X

 

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