A cyber-physical simulation framework for resilient microgrids with PV, BESS, and tariff-aware control

Partha Das, Rituparna Mitra

Abstract


The increasing integration of renewable energy and digital infrastructure into modern power distribution networks has led to both operational flexibility and heightened vulnerability to uncertainty and cyber threats. This paper presents a novel simulation framework for microgrid resilience assessment that incorporates photovoltaic (PV) variability, battery energy storage systems (BESS), time-of-day (TOD) tariff dynamics, and false data injection (FDI)-based cyberattacks. The proposed tool is developed using the IEEE 33-bus distribution system and leverages real-world load profiles from Mathura and Bareilly, along with Indian PV generation data, to simulate realistic operational conditions. A Monte Carlo-based extension allows for statistically robust evaluation of system performance over multi-day horizons under diverse uncertainty scenarios. The simulation outputs include power losses, voltage violations, line congestion levels, tariff-adjusted energy costs, and battery utilization metrics. Results from a 100-run, 3-day Monte Carlo experiment highlight the critical impact of cyber-physical uncertainties on microgrid efficiency and stability. The framework supports decision-makers and researchers in designing and evaluating resilient control strategies, tariff policies, and storage deployment plans, making it a valuable contribution to the domains of smart grids and cyber-resilient power systems.


Received: 14 October 2025

Accepted: 16 January 2026

Published: 29 March 2026


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DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21622/resd.2026.12.1.1730

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Copyright (c) 2026 Partha Das, Rituparna Mitra

Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development

E-ISSN: 2356-8569

P-ISSN: 2356-8518

 

Published by:

Academy Publishing Center (APC)

Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport (AASTMT)

Alexandria, Egypt

resd@aast.edu