Exploring the adaptability of the charge transport layers for enhanced efficiency in lead-free CH₃NH₃SnI₃ perovskite solar cells

Ibrahim Al Imran, Safia Aktar Dipa, Shariful Islam Sharif, Molla Asif Zaman, Abdullah Tanzib Mahdy

Abstract


Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted a lot of interest for their remarkable energy transformation productivity (PCE) and possibility for application in both organic and inorganic compounds. Perfect for sustainable solar technologies, methylammonium tin iodide (CH₃NH₃) is a lead-free, non-hazardous perovskite displaying amazing optoelectronic properties. Its tunable bandgap helps to absorb solar energy efficiently. Its cost and great efficiency render it a perfect photovoltaic material. To improve essential characteristics of the hole transport layer (HTL), absorption area, and electron transport layer (ETL), this work models CH₃NH₃SnI₃-based PSCs using SCAPS-1D software. Simulations have been used to investigate the utility of CH₃NH₃SnI₃-based PSCs using Cu₂O as the HTL and including WS₂, C₆₀, IGZO, and ZnO as ETL compounds. Moreover, the effects on essential performance criteria like power fill factor (FF), conversion efficiency (PCE), open-circuit voltage ( ), and short-circuit current density ( ) of thickness, defect levels, absorber, HTL, and ETL have been investigated. The results show how much changing the ETL improves device efficiency. With PCE values of 33.43%, 33.19%, 33.19%, and 33.23%, respectively, ETLs consisting of WS₂, C₆₀, IGZO, and ZnO have been shown. Furthermore, this work investigated the effect of temperature on PSC performance. These results demonstrate quantum efficiency (QE) and the current density-voltage (J-V) responses.

 

Received: 03 July 2025

Accepted: 10 August 2025

Published: 26 August 2025


Keywords


Perovskite Solar Cell (PSC), Lead-free, CH₃NH₃SnI₃, SCAPS-1D, ETL, HTL, WS₂, C₆₀, IGZO, ZnO

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References


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DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21622/resd.2025.11.2.1439

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Copyright (c) 2025 Ibrahim Al Imran, Safia Aktar Dipa, Shariful Islam Sharif, Molla Asif Zaman, Abdullah Tanzib Mahdy

Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development

E-ISSN: 2356-8569

P-ISSN: 2356-8518

 

Published by:

Academy Publishing Center (APC)

Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport (AASTMT)

Alexandria, Egypt

resd@aast.edu