Decentralized economic operation of isolated AC, DC, and hybrid microgrids

Omar M. Abo Gabl, Mohamed Y. Morgan, Mohammed Salah El-Sobki (Jr.)

Abstract


In this study, a new economic operation scheme for AC, DC, and hybrid microgrids is proposed using variable cost-based droop. The proposed scheme relies on integrating the cost function of the distributed generating units into the primary control level and controlling the resultant droop characteristics to obtain the secondary control level, removing the need for a tertiary control layer. Moreover, a novel DC normalized cost-based droop is introduced to overcome the voltage drop caused by DC line impedance and fulfill the economic operation for the DC subgrid. The proposed scheme retains the simplicity and decentralized nature of normal droop control. The proposed technique uses the Walrus Optimization Algorithm (WaOA) to optimize the resultant droop and is tested on a modified IEEE-38 bus hybrid microgrid to highlight the performance of the proposed scheme.

Received: 03 April 2025

Accepted: 20 June 2025

Published: 10 August 2025


Keywords


Cost-based droop; DC microgrid; Decentralized control; Economic operation; Hybrid microgrid.

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References


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DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21622/resd.2025.11.2.1289

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Copyright (c) 2025 Omar M. Abo Gabl, Mohammed Y. Morgan, Mohamed Salah El-Sobki (Jr.)

Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development

E-ISSN: 2356-8569

P-ISSN: 2356-8518

 

Published by:

Academy Publishing Center (APC)

Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport (AASTMT)

Alexandria, Egypt

resd@aast.edu