Characterization of charcoal briquettes from sugar palm (Arenga pinnata Merr.) waste: physical, proximate, and combustion performance in the Aik Bual community forest

Febriana Tri Wulandari, Aluh Nikmatullah, Sitti Latifah, Hayati Hayati

Abstract


The utilization of lignocellulosic biomass as a renewable energy source plays a crucial role in supporting sustainable energy transitions and reducing dependence on fossil fuels. Vegetative waste from sugar palm (Arenga pinnata Merr.) in the Aik Bual Community Forest represents a promising raw material for charcoal briquette production; however, its energy characteristics have not yet been comprehensively evaluated against national standards. This study aimed to analyze the physical properties, proximate composition, and combustion performance of briquettes produced from fruit stalks, leaves, leaf sheaths, and mixed biomass, as well as to assess their compliance with SNI 01-6235-2000 standards. A non-factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and three replications was employed. Briquettes were produced through a series of processes, including carbonization at approximately 450°C, particle size reduction using a 60-mesh sieve, addition of 10% tapioca binder, compaction at 400 psi, and drying for 12 days. The evaluated parameters included density, moisture content, volatile matter, ash content, fixed carbon, calorific value, and combustion rate. The results showed that all treatments exhibited low moisture content (1.47–2.31%), meeting the required standards. The calorific value ranged from 4,443 to 5,985 cal g⁻¹, with leaf-based briquettes demonstrating the highest fixed carbon content (64%) and superior energy performance. Nevertheless, optimization of the carbonization and densification processes is still required to improve overall compliance with the SNI standard.

 

Received: 19 March 2026

Accepted: 13 May 2026

Published: 14 June 2026


Keywords


sugar palm (Arenga pinnata); proximate characteristics; calorific value; SNI 01-6235-2000; biomass energy; community forest

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References


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DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21622/resd.2026.12.1.2018

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Copyright (c) 2026 Febriana Tri Wulandari, Aluh Nikmatullah, Sitti Latifah, Hayati Hayati

Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development

E-ISSN: 2356-8569

P-ISSN: 2356-8518

 

Published by:

Academy Publishing Center (APC)

Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport (AASTMT)

Alexandria, Egypt

resd@aast.edu